Areas of hyperpigmentation from the over-production of melanin will cause age spots, and these are generally found on areas of the body most likely to be damaged by past sun exposure (e.g. face, backs of the hands and arms). There are a number of different types of melanin-related hyperpigmentation, but most age spots are caused by the accumulation of a brown-yellow pigment call lipofuscin in the connective tissues of the body, due to ageing of the collagen-producing cells. When lipofuscin accumulates in the connective tissue of the skin, brown spots are the result. The lipofuscin is probably the remnant of incompletely degraded molecules from damaged cells. 

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Age spots present as flat, round to oval pigmented macules that range in colour from light brown to darker brown and are surrounded by normal appearing skin. They are caused by the proliferation of melanocytes and an accumulation of melanin within the cells (keratinocytes).

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